76 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... and Features of Hyponatremia ... - Diuretics ... #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... #Classification ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... volume loss - diuretics ... renal failure #Hypernatremia ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm

CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction
SIADH - Fluid restriction
 - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... Algorithm CHF ... consider adding loop diuretic ... -> free water diuresis ... #Treatment #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypernatremia ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia ... Differential Algorithm ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Differential #Algorithm