671 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Na• delivery: diuretics ... , osmotic diuresis ... Increased secretion of potassium ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Classification
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... mannitol) 3) Loop diuretic ... Thiazides-type diuretics ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g.
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP DIURETICS ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... DIURETICS • Spironolactone ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
fludrocortisone step 3 = diuretic ... determine response to diuretic ... criticalcare #treatment #diuretics ... #diuresis #nephrology
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Diuretic Electrolyte ... Excretion Effects Diuresis ... Anhydrase Inhibitor #diuretics
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... shown in Panel C, diuretics ... binding to sodium–potassium–chloride ... step can mediate diuretic
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
the Nephron - Diuretics ... Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic Diuretics ... mannitol) 3) Loop Diuretics ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... Nephrology #Nephron #Diuretics
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
Flowchart to diuretic ... Total loop diuretic ... dose for IV loop diuretics ... a single loop diuretic ... #Diuretic #Diuresis
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... hypernatremia - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Classification