47 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
limb Gitelman syndrome ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology ... #Differential #Table
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Gerstmann Syndrome
1) Finger agnosia - Inability to name their own fingers, affecting both sides
2) Right-left confusion
Gerstmann Syndrome ... patient is still able ... to copy Causes ... : Stroke (main cause ... #neurology #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
treat underlying cause ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... Stress, Nausea, ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology ... #sodium
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Options
Amitiza (Lubiprostone)
Antidepressants: Celexa, Wellbutrin, Prozac, Paxil, Nortriptyline, and Zoloft
Bentyl (Dicyclomine)
Creon
Ducolax
Imodium, Maalox,
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Creon Ducolax Imodium ... irritable #bowel #syndrome ... #constipation #management ... #pharmacology #table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Cirrhosis Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Oral sodium loading ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Mineralocorticoid excess syndromes ... Screening #Workup #table
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypermagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism
Renal Failure 
Excessive Mg Administration 
 - Massive PO intake
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... High #Magnesium #Table ... #Causes #Management