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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm hypokalemia low management hypomagnesemia classification high table treatment hyponatremia pharmacology workup medications blood checklist chronic comparison
Causes of Hyperkalemia Hyperkalemia is caused by excess potassium intake, impaired potassium excretion, or transcellular shifts. The
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... is caused by excess ... potassium intake ... with impaired renal ... and underlying renal
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 Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia Consider risk factors for arrhythmia: - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation) - Digoxin
Evaluation - Check magnesium ... EKG) Consider magnesium ... 3.5 - Severe renal ... monitoring depend on renal ... monitoring depend on renal
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Increased Intake • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Excretion (IV potassium ... Transcellular Shift #Hyperkalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... • Type 1 #Hyperkalemia ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypermagnesemia Increased magnesium load - Magnesium-containing laxatives, antacids, or enemas - Treatment of pre-edampsia/eclampsia (mothers
Causes of Hypermagnesemia ... Increased magnesium ... Rhabdomyolysis Increased renal ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Hypermagnesemia #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial: Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... #nephrology #potassium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma): • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... K; also binds magnesium ... nonspecifically binds K, magnesium ... ); nausea, vomiting ... of aspiration #Potassium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
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