12 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
and Treatment ... 3 questions to work ... Treatment: Treatment ... demyelination syndrome ... #management #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Conditions: blue diaper ... syndrome (see Question ... (Purple Urine Syndrome ... Urine #Colored #Discoloration ... Differential #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Guillain-Barre Syndrome ... /constipation, hyponatremia ... Treatment: • Plasmapheresis ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #neurology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
• Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ... #Urine #Color #discoloration ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
Treatment depends ... • Serotonin syndrome ... Anticholinergic syndrome ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Compartment syndrome ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... or compartment syndrome ... Treatment of underlying ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... • Hyponatremia ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Stiff Person Syndrome ... antibody that works ... Treatment: • ... Diagnosis #Management #treatment ... #neurology