10 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Differential Diagnosis ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
and Workup Blood ... Work: - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Fractional excretion of Cl ... #Workup #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... • Normal/low ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... Spot PC (protein ... in monitoring low-level ... #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... acidosis) • Low ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Spot PC (protein ... in monitoring low-level ... glomerular #disease #workup ... #diagnosis #initial ... #testing #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic ... > 1.6, low urine ... confirmed via genetic testing ... correcting serum potassium ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Normal or low ... wasting) • Hypomagnesemia ... Supplement: • Potassium ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Metabolic alkalosis ... diuresis, salt-wasting ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Low #Potassium ... #Classification