9 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... K-ATPase which imports ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... causes #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Differential #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
- Differential Diagnosis ... Disorders: • Hyperkalemia ... Tower sign) and low-amplitude ... dissection • Sodium-channel ... #differential #diagnosis
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
to be in ADHF starts ... mental status and low ... patient causing hypovolemia ... acute coronary syndrome ... cardiology #treatment #table