12 results
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
Anterior Shoulder ... glenoid -> Acute ... Structural damage to nerves ... Dislocation #Diagnosis #signs ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... pupil with third nerve ... various types • Extraocular ... #headache #signs ... #symptoms #clues
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
eye including intraocular ... periorbital tissue (anterior ... - Impinges on nerves ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Acute Closed Angle ... • Significant cause ... leads to optic nerve ... damage & blindness Signs ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Anterior ischemic ... Is visual loss caused ... Definition: acute ... disorder of the optic nerve ... Doppler US : halo sign
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
vasoconstrictive • Acute ... inner retinal nerve ... optic nerve swelling ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Extraocular Muscles ... Anterior Chamber ... Optic Nerve/Pathway ... Tumor • Optic nerve ... • Migraine • Acute
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... not always) the anterior ... Signs / Symptoms ... • Post-nasal drip ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Crises can be precipitated ... The underlying pathophysiology ... 2) Aplasia - Acute ... An accelerated drop ... Crisis #Features #Signs
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... and progressive Acute ... papules, nodules; anterior ... Löfgren syndrome: ACUTE ... Diagnosis #Management #Signs