13 results
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
vasoconstrictive • Acute ... inner retinal nerve ... arterioles causes optic nerve ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... poisoning • Hypertension ... pupil with third nerve ... various types • Extraocular ... #headache #signs
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
Extraocular Muscles ... Optic Nerve/Pathway ... Tumor • Optic nerve ... Macular hole • Hypertensive ... • Migraine • Acute
Orbital Cellulitis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Definitions:
a. Chemosis: Edema of the bulbar conjunctiva
b. Panopthalmitis: inflammation of all
eye including intraocular ... - Impinges on nerves ... Orbital #Cellulitis #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Anterior Shoulder Dislocation: Pathogenesis, clinical, and radiographic findings

Trauma, Fall on, outstretched arm, Overhead throwing => Abduction
to glenoid -> Acute ... Structural damage to nerves ... Dislocation #Diagnosis #signs ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
The underlying pathophysiology ... 2) Aplasia - Acute ... An accelerated drop ... Crisis #Features #Signs
Enlarged optic nerve sheath diameter and crescent sign in 30 yo female patient reporting 3 months
Enlarged optic nerve ... diameter and crescent sign ... #Intracranial #Hypertension ... #Ocular #POCUS ... Ultrasound #crescent #sign
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Pathogenesis and Joint diseases features
 • RA affects 1% of population, women >
• Non-specific Acute-phase ... Stimulation of nerve ... Extra-articular signs ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
Acute Closed Angle ... leads to optic nerve ... damage & blindness Signs ... Photophobia #Acute ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
common causes of acute ... of left atrial hypertension ... • Signs/Symptoms ... : Tachycardia, hypertension ... Embolism: • Acute