17 results
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... - Vertigo - Differential ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... unidirectonal nystagmus ... /signs, bidirectional
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... damage to sacral nerves ... #signs
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... inner retinal nerve ... optic nerve swelling ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Skull expansion causes ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... Headaches • Nausea ... • Post-nasal drip
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
• Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... leads to optic nerve ... damage & blindness Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications
Rare Causes of Abdominal Pain
 • Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema - Recurrent visceral that may by swelling
Rare Causes of Abdominal ... - May involve symptoms ... Abdominal cutaneous nerve ... Positive Carnett's sign ... Abdominal #Pain #differential
Signs and Symptoms Associated With Different Headache Etiologies
 • Nonfocal mental status changes - Meningitis, encephalitis,
Signs and Symptoms ... pupil with third nerve ... #headache #signs ... #symptoms #clues ... #differential #
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... of UMN and LMN signs ... of UMN and LMN signs ... both UMN and LMN signs ... EMG: LMN Signs in
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
bone): facial nerve ... hearing loss, nausea ... dizziness, vertigo, nystagmus ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis