68 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... or dysmorphic RBCs ... Syndrome #Comparison #Algorithm
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Urinalysis: presence of dysmorphic ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... , dysmorphic RBCs ... Nephrology if cause ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Pemberton's Sign caused by a Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter

Elevating the arms causes the previously flat neck veins
Pemberton's Sign ... caused by a Retrosternal ... Elevating the arms causes ... #Pembertons #Sign ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Calculi Glomerular (Dysmorphic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
glomerulopathies • Causes ... hematuria • Signs ... vasculitis - Dysmorphic ... Urethra/Prostate Causes ... urinary tract) Causes
Kernig's Sign in Meningitis

Resistance or pain elicited by passive extension of the knees, thought to be
Kernig's Sign in ... thought to be caused ... #Kernigs #Sign # ... Meningitis #clinical #video
Brudzinski's Sign in Meningitis

Severe neck stiffness causes the patient's knees and hips to flex when the
Brudzinski's Sign ... neck stiffness causes ... #Brudzinskis #Sign ... Meningitis #clinical #video
Brudzinski's Sign in Meningitis

Severe neck stiffness causes the patient's knees and hips to flex when the
Brudzinski's Sign ... neck stiffness causes ... #Brudzinskis #Sign ... Meningitis #clinical #video
Kussmaul's sign in Constrictive Pericarditis 

A 50-year-old woman with a remote history of mediastinal lymphoma (age
Kussmaul's sign ... evaluate her JVP (video ... Causes = RV failure ... pericarditis (this case ... #PhysicalExam #Video