225 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... or dysmorphic RBCs ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
nephrolithiasis • Symptoms ... , dysmorphic RBCs ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Budd Chiari Syndrome
Hepatic vein obstruction. Can be caused by thrombosis or sometimes a tumour. Can lead
Budd Chiari Syndrome ... Can be caused by ... #BuddChiari #Syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Signs #Symptoms
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... Visual or auditory symptoms ... conjunction with symptoms ... Inflammatory causes ... #neurology #inflammatory
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... vasculitis - Dysmorphic ... • Nutcracker syndrome ... #urology #nephrology
Nephrotic Syndrome - Primary vs Secodary - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

#Nephrotic #Syndrome #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Primary #Secondary
Nephrotic Syndrome ... #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Primary #Secondary #Nephrology ... #Causes
Parkinson's Plus Syndromes - Atypical Parkinsonism
Main motor symptoms:
 • Tremors
 • Limb rigidity
 • Bradykinesia
Other symptoms
Parkinson's Plus Syndromes ... Parkinsonism Main motor symptoms ... Bradykinesia Other symptoms ... Parkinson's plus syndrome ... Parkinsonism #diagnosis #neurology
Marfan Syndrome - Signs and Symptoms

- Caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) Gene (chromosome 15)
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Marfan Syndrome ... - Signs and Symptoms ... - Caused by ... Dominant #Marfans #Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome ... Pulmonary Renal Syndromes ... Infection, Alport Syndrome ... (proteinuria, dysmorphic ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology