41 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... #MSK #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #symptoms ... #signs
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Insufficient Sleep
 • Poor Sleep Hygiene
 • Insomnia
Causes of Excessive ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Disorders • Neurologic ... Parkinson's, MS) ... #Causes
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
Diagnosis Algorithm ... papilledema • Horner syndrome ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... and signs (e.g. ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
Non-inflammatory Causes ... consistent with MS ... #neurology #noninflammatory ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis ... Signs and symptoms ... objective evidence of neurologic ... #management #neurology
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... are not caused ... (e.g. incidental ... anterior/posterior MSK ... #Management #Signs
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Diagnosis Approach ... with previously stable ... hypertension and signs ... renal bruit or signs ... #Differential #
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) - Clinical Manifestations
 • Optic neuritis: Reduced visual acuity, ranging from mild to
involvement: Intractable nausea ... (e.g. oculomotor ... Manifestations #diagnosis ... #neurology #symptoms ... #signs