13 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... history (cardiac, liver ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Hyponatremia #
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... : Hypovolemia, Heart ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... #diagnosis #differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Beer Potomania - Low ... Hypervolemic - Heart ... failure, liver
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... illness → Hypernatremia ... damage without neuro ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Hypervolemia: Congestive Heart ... Failure, Liver ... Algorithm #diagnosis ... nephrology #sodium #low
Approach to Undifferentiated Shock - OnePager Summary
Shock occurs when there is inadequate blood flow (CO) &
myocarditis, etc), Valves ... neuraxial anesthesia), Liver ... Losses (bums, heat ... Undifferentiated #Shock #diagnosis ... #differential #
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... rice, Cereals • Low ... GFR • Acute liver ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Manifestations • Neuro ... AI, thyroid dz liver ... delivery • MI, Heart ... Classification #diagnosis ... #criticalcare #differential
Non-Infective Endocarditis (NBTE / Marantic Endocarditis)
Non-infective endocarditis is also known as: Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), Aseptic
for left-sided heart ... valves • Lack ... microorganisms absent How ... can we differentiate ... #pathophysiology
Shock Overview
A state of tissue hypoxia due to decreased or dysregulated oxygen delivery or extraction, resulting
Manifestations • Neuro ... AI, thyroid dz liver ... delivery • MI, Heart ... Classification #diagnosis ... #criticalcare #differential