11 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... And BMP Normal Values ... : - CNS depression ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA ... salicylate toxicity causes ... underexcretion of acids ... Diagnosis #GOLDMARK #mnemonic ... #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
NOT lactic acid ... in states such as ... acute pancreatitis ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause
Lactic Acidosis - Overview and Pathophysiology
Lactic acid is an endogenous substrate for gluconeogenesis, that is constantly
why LR does not cause ... as an arterial ... lactate level ≥ ... Mark Ramzy, DO, EMT-P ... #types #differential
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... - Differential ... to bolus these values ... Causes of Lactate ... peritonitis - Acute
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Gap Acidosis: ... Renal failure (acute ... #differential # ... #nephrology
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... Symptoms: • Acute ... CSF Lactate: Good ... meningitis • CSF-lactate ... Singh @rav7ks #CNS
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Elevated Lactate ... the serum that has ... anemia, folic acid ... - Prosthetic valves ... Periodic paralyses CNS
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... #nephrology
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
lumbar spine • MCC ... - acute lumbar disc ... equina syndrome (CES ... dysfunction SPINE Mnemonic ... #neurology