13 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosisKidney ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... after fasting #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... alkalosis - Fistulas ... unloading • Kidney ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology ... #Chloride
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... cotransporter (NCC ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... alkalosis - ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... And BMP Normal Values ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Chronic progressive kidney ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #Acidosis #differential ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... alkalosis • Familial ... irrigation • Management ... insipidus • Kidney ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
previously stable values ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... hypokalemia and metabolic ... alkalosis. 7. ... Neurologic disorders