3171 results
Guidelines Directed medical therapy for Heart Failure 

Satyendra Dhar, MD, @DharSaty

#HFrEF #GDMT #sodium-glucosecotransporter-2inhibitors #SGLT2i #reninangiotensinaldosteronesysteminhibitors
#PARADIGM-HF #EMPEROR-Reduced
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Increased Intake
 • Reduced Excretion (IV potassium with
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Increased Intake • Reduced ... potassium with reduced ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Thiazide induced Hyponatremia - Pathophysiology
 • Reduced distal delivery
 • Inhibition of the NCC (dilution capcity)-
Thiazide induced ... Pathophysiology • Reduced ... mechanism • Reduced ... #Thiazide #induced
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Causes of Primary ... Regurgitation (MR) Causes ... - Drug induced ... Causes of functional ... Results in reduced
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes
Selected Clinical Trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in CVD and CKD
EMPA-REG OUTCOME - Empagliflozin lowered CV events
EMPEROR-REDUCED
Secondary Causes of Hypertension
Renal hypertension 
Endocrine hypertension 
Cardiovascular hypertension 
Neurogenic hypertension 
Hypertension in pregnancy 
Toxic agent-induced
Secondary Causes ... pregnancy Toxic agent-induced ... and drug-induced ... #Differential #Causes
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
blood (ischemia-induced ... excrete more K+ to reduce ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Erythema Nodosum - Mnemonic

NO cause found in 60% of cases
Drugs (antibiotics e.g., sulfonamides, amoxicillin)
Oral
Causes of Erythema ... Mnemonic NO cause ... found in 60% of cases ... Nodosum #Mnemonic #Causes
Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy. HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HIV, human
heart failure with reduced ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes