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Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
More Specific Signs ... Less Specific Signs ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR ... #pharmacology #sCHF
Abdominojugular (Hepatojugular) Reflux

Described by Pasteur in 1885 as a physical sign of TR. Still useful for
as a physical sign ... for diagnosis of CHF ... PhysicalExam #Clinical #Video ... #VolumeStatus #Cardiology
The PA-film shows a silhouette sign of the left heart border.
Even without looking at the lateral
shows a silhouette sign ... know, that the pathology ... anteriorly in the left lung ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #Pneumonia
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
bubble and the lung ... a patient with signs ... of CHF. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
On the left a patient with CHF. 
There is an increase in heart size compared to
a patient with CHF ... Other signs of CHF ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Exacerbation
Increased pulmonary venous pressure is related to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and can be
logical sequence of signs ... chronic obstructive lung ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CHF #CXR #Stages ... #Findings #Signs
CT will also demonstrate signs of congestive heart failure.
On the image on the left notice the
also demonstrate signs ... dependent part of the lungs ... non-dependent part of the lung ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CTChest #CHF #
Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
position Obstructive lung ... diseased areas of the lung ... The following signs ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar
Dilation of the azygos vein is a sign of increased right atrial pressure and is usually
azygos vein is a sign ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Azygous