11 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... Assess volume status ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia Diagnostic Algorithm
1) Check serum osmolality
2) Check urine osmolality
3) ADH Dependent - Check volume status, urine
Hyponatremia Diagnostic ... Algorithm 1) Check ... - Check volume status ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... acidosis (type 1 ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... #high #nephrology
Emergency Treatment Algorithm for Convulsive Status Epilepticus 
 1. ABCDEFG (ABC's and Don't Ever Forget the
Emergency Treatment Algorithm ... Epilepticus 1. ... mg/kg IV (max 1 ... Epilepticus #Treatment #Algorithm ... #seizures #ACEP
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... • Recent IV potassium ... - Hyperosmolar states ... Increased K Intake: 1. ... #high #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Toxins - Drugs - Statins ... ALT Elevation 4:1 ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Monitor potassium ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Assess functional status ... Functional status ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... ACEi/ARBs - Hold ... one post op Cardiology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Medications: K+, ACEi ... Optimize volume status ... 5-10U reg IV + 1- ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K