11 results
Dizziness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"Tell me what you mean by dizzy without using the word dizzy."
Vertigo:
Dizziness - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Disease • Central: Stroke ... • Orthostatic: Hypovolemia ... #Diagnosis #neurology
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... Testing #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... overdose) - Sodium ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #Medications #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Muscle weakness, dizziness ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Vascular: Stroke ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia, Hypocalcemia ... #Causes #neurology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... exercise, Heat stroke ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... Hyperventilation, Dizziness ... - Hyperkalemia
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Heat injury, Heat stroke ... #Diagnosis #Management ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low