11 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... /Chronic renal failure ... restrictive lung disease ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
is important, as ... Inflammatory causes ... • Sjögren syndrome ... optica spectrum disorder ... #neurology #inflammatory
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... Gap Acidosis: ... Gap Acidosis: ... Renal acidosis ... #nephrology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
Ketosis Disorders ... in several disease ... of re-feeding syndrome ... AKA) — seen in chronic ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... specific bleeding disorders ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... respiratory acidosis ... diuretics after renal ... diuretic effect has ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
heart failure, neurologic ... with electrolyte disorders ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... disease: CKD, acute ... Neurologic disorders
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia), Eating disorders ... Villous adenoma Renal ... tubular acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology