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diagnosis differential high hyperkalemia hypokalemia metabolic abg acid acidbase alkalosis aniongap base bloodgas diuresis diuretics excretion gas gitelman hypomagnesemia interpretation
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Renal acidosis ... Chronic progressive ... kidney disease ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 2.
Acid Base Disorders ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... /Chronic renal failure ... restrictive lung disease ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... disease • Drugs ... ) • Endocrine disorders ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
- Tumor lysis syndrome ... - Metabolic acidosis ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... respiratory acidosis ... diuretics after renal ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... specific bleeding disorders ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia), Eating disorders ... Villous adenoma Renal ... tubular acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
• Autoimmune disease ... (Sjögren syndrome ... , Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA)) ... #diagnosis #nephrology
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