433 results
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
Pathophysiology EXOGENOUS ... components Exogenous ... , IFN, IL-6 ENDOGENOUS ... vasculature via: • Active ... organs CNS - Endogenous
Staging of Skin Mottling

Mottling is less sensitive, but more specific for hypoperfusion and elevated mortality (figure
Mottling suggests active ... endogenous vasoconstriction ... not additional exogenous
Rigors And Bacteremia - Overview

• Rigors are a response to the release of cytokines and prostaglandins
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: → Exogenous ... pro-inflammatroy mediators (Endogenous ... Pyrogen) → Endogenous ... vasculature via: • Active ... circumventricular organs CNS: Endogenous
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
ectopic ACTH) • Exogenous ... dehydrogenase activity ... loop diuretics actively
Hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome) - Simplified Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Exogenous (ACTH-independent)
Endogenous
 • ACTH-dependent:
    - ACTH-secreting
Diagnosis Algorithm Exogenous ... ACTH-independent) Endogenous
Hypoglycemia - Evaluation Algorithm
Interpreting Hypoglycemia Labs - the patient must be hypoglycemic at the time of
Proinsulin - Is it endogenous ... → Exogenous Insulin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Phosphate Load: • Exogenous ... Fosphenytoin • Endogenous
Opioid Use Disorder Medications - Pharmacokinetics

Buprenorphine is a partial mu-opioid receptor agonist with low intrinsic activity,
low intrinsic activity ... the effects of exogenous
Exogenous Testosterone Side Effects
 • Mood disorder, Depression, Aggression
 • ↑ Erythropoiesis
 • Hypogonadism +/-BPH, prostate
Exogenous Testosterone ... BrighamChiefs #Exogenous
Cephalosporins 
Cephalosporins are bactericidal beta-lactam antibiotics derived from the fungus Acremonlum— they disrupt peptidoglycan formation in
They have no activity ... predominantly active ... progressively more active ... gram-positive activity