11 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Anorexia GI Losses ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... node and AV node activity ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Vaughan Williams Classification ... node and AV node activity ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... are present • Classic ... B-Cell ~90% • Low ... Lymphoproliferative #Disorders #Classification ... #pathophysiology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... Uosm <100): Renal Losses ... diuresis) RAAS Active ... differential #diagnosis #table
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... increased B-cell activity ... Self-limiting, chronic but stable ... Extrapulmonary: ... Pulmonary and extrapulmonary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: Active ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
adrenergic sympathetic activity ... Increased secretion of potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... urine Cl; • Active ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases