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Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = [FiO2 ... chest) • Low PiO2 ... Elevation, Low Fio2 ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... #Hypoxia #hypoxemia
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
consistent with pulmonary ... lung collapse, or pulmonary ... severity of the hypoxemia ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
leading to increased pulmonary ... congestion with hypoxemia ... consistent with pulmonary ... or CXR ● PaO2/FiO2
TRALI Diagnostic Criteria
TRALI type 1 - Patients who have no risk factors for ARDS and meet
Acute onset, Hypoxemia ... (PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 ... evidence of bilateral pulmonary ... contributor to the hypoxemia ... mild ARDS (PaO2/FiO2
Intraoperative Hypoxia / Desaturation / Cyanosis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Using these steps from start
Intraoperative Hypoxia ... of unexpected hypoxia ... check measured FiO2 ... AND ACTIONS • Hypoxia ... o Aspiration, pulmonary
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Noncardiogenic Pulmonary ... High Altitude Pulmonary ... High-altitude pulmonary ... dissolved in the PaO2/FiO2 ... dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxemia
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia ... - Overview Hypoxia ... common type of hypoxia ... ) PIO2 - atmospheric ... #pulmonary #differential
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia
Hypoxemia - Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) is below normal
Hypoxia - Insufficient oxygen
Hypoxemia vs Hypoxia ... Hypoxemia - Partial ... below normal Hypoxia ... without hypoxia ... diagnosis #comparison #pulmonary
An Algorithm for the Differential Diagnosis of Hypoxemia & Hypoxia

#Hypoxemia #Hypoxia #Algorithm #Differential #Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Hypoxemia ... & Hypoxia #Hypoxemia ... #Hypoxia #Algorithm
Hypoxemia and Dyspnea - Rapid Response Management

1) Ask for vitals en route
2) Stabilize: Nasal canula 
3)
Hypoxemia and Dyspnea ... ) Examination: Pulmonary ... Diagnose using hypoxemia ... #criticalcare #pulmonary ... #Hypoxia