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Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
Uncommon Causes ... dissolved in the PaO2/FiO2 ... of acute respiratory ... /Symptoms: - Respiratory ... status, decreased respiratory
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome – ARDS: Clinical Cheat Sheet

An acute diffuse, inflammatory lung injury, leading to
Acute Respiratory ... or CXR ● PaO2/FiO2 ... performed in most cases ... there is no clear cause ... the underlying cause
Oxygen Delivery Systems
Nasal Cannula:
 • Flow: 1 - 6 L/min
 • FiO2: 25 - 40% (-4%/L
- 6 L/min • FiO2 ... - 10 L/min • FiO2 ... - 15 L/min • FiO2 ... on valve) • FiO2 ... Delivery #Systems #respiratory
Mask Oxygen Delivery Devices

Simple Mask aka Hudson's Mask:
 • Flow 6-10 LPM
 • FiO2 35-50%
Face Tent:
Flow 6-10 LPM • FiO2 ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2 ... A venturi mask uses ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2 ... 10-15 LPM • FiO2
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
Criteria for Acute Respiratory ... Syndrome (ARDS) - Respiratory ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... #ARDS #Acute #Respiratory
Understanding & Treating ARDS - Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

•  Timing - within one week of
Treating ARDS - Acute Respiratory ... Origin of Edema - respiratory ... Oxygenation PaO2/FiO2 ... nickmmark #ARDS #Respiratory
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
high percentage FiO ... retention of exhaled gases ... • Uses either ... set to desired FiO2 ... deliver desired FiO
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
Vigorous coughing, inspiratory ... whoop; respiratory ... & respiratory failure ... Virus -> Attacks respiratory ... Maternal viremia causes
Nasal Oxygen Delivery Devices
Nasal cannula can be used to deliver supplemental O2. Conventional nasal cannula are
rates & moderate FiO2 ... achieving a higher FiO2 ... In hypoxemic respiratory ... • Patients in respiratory ... match demand so FiO2
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = [FiO2 ... Hypoventilation: CNS of Respiratory ... chest) • Low PiO2 ... Elevation, Low Fio2