7 results
Fractional Excretion of Sodium - FENa
Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) = (Urine Na+ x Serum Cr)
Sodium (FENa) = (Urine ... Na+ x Serum Cr) ... / (Serum Na+ x Urine ... Cr) FEurea < 1% ... #Sodium #nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Urinary casts ... Fractional excretion ... [(U Na x P Cr) / ... (P Na x U Cr)] ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Fractional Excretion of Urea - FEurea
Fractional Excretion of Urea (FEurea) = (Urine Urea x Serum Cr)
Urea (FEurea) = (Urine ... Urea x Serum Cr ... (Serum Urea x Urine ... Cr) FEurea < 35% ... #Urea #FEUrea #nephrology
Fractional Excretion of Phosphate FEPO4
FEPO4 = Fractional Excretion of Phosphate (%) = [PO4 (Urine) * Creatinine
Fractional Excretion ... FEPO4 = Fractional Excretion ... * Creatinine (Urine ... U= urine FEPO4 ... FEPO4 #phosphorus #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... ) • AKI: BUN/Cr ... Cast formation: ... hour with goal urine ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
• Vomiting: urine ... /Cl > 1.6, low urine ... K/creatinine (Cr ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
100 mOsm/kg = Urine ... = Vasopressin secretion ... chemotherapy-induced Gl losses, CAR-T ... = Vasopressin secretion ... Cancer #algorithm #nephrology