52 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
A-a gradient = [FiO2 ... chest) • Low PiO2 ... Elevation, Low Fio2 ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... #differential #diagnosis
Berlin Criteria for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 
- Respiratory symptoms must have begun within one
consistent with pulmonary ... lung collapse, or pulmonary ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... mm Hg < PaO2 / FiO2 ... Definition #Criteria #Diagnosis
Nasal Oxygen Delivery Devices
Nasal cannula can be used to deliver supplemental O2. Conventional nasal cannula are
rates & moderate FiO2 ... achieving a higher FiO2 ... creates a small positive ... match demand so FiO2 ... Devices #management #pulmonary
Acute Hypoxemia - Differential Diagnosis
 • Hyperacute: Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary Edema, Mucous Plugging, Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Embolism,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Aspiration, Flash Pulmonary ... Bronchospasm, Pulmonary ... Embolism, Emphysema, Positive ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Indications: 
 • COPD exacerbation (↓ intubation, ↓ mortality), Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (↓
Non-Invasive Positive ... ), Cardiogenic pulmonary ... #NonInvasive #Positive ... #Ventilation #diagnosis ... #indications #pulmonary
Hypotension in Anesthesiology - Differential Diagnosis and Management 

Initial checklist: 
 - Verify BP (e.g. surgeon
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Increase FiO2 ... Head down position ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Pediatric Wheezing - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
CXR Abnormal:
 • Pulmonary Sequestration
 • Congenital Adenoid Cystic
- Differential Diagnosis ... Abnormal: • Pulmonary ... : • Asthma* Positive ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Peds #Pediatrics #Pulmonary
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
Gram-positive diplococci ... Plump gram-positive ... Pneumonia #Patterns #Diagnosis ... #Presentation #Pulmonary
Causes of Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative - Normal RBC Mass / Decreased Plasma Volume
- Differential Diagnosis ... Idiopathic JAK-2 Positive ... Cyanosis without Pulmonary ... Apnea • Chronic Pulmonary ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Presentation (Pulmonary ... Differential Diagnosis ... : - ANCA-positive ... #differential #diagnosis