14 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
Patterns of pulmonary ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... #Patterns #Comparison
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Loops - Common Patterns ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... #Patterns #pulmonary
First-line therapies for Asthma, Asthma-COPD Overlap and COPD

The diagnosis of COPD, asthma, and ACO initially requires
Asthma, Asthma-COPD ... Overlap and COPD ... of the type and pattern ... symptoms, and spirometry ... Diagnosis #Management #ACOPD
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... • Asthma • COPD ... Bronchiectasis Pleural Abnormalities ... Chest Wall Abnormalities ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Disease (Asthma, COPD ... Weakness • Pleural Abnormalities ... • Chest Wall Abnormalities ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Abnormalities in ... may show this pattern ... bronchitis, and COPD ... #Breathing #Patterns ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities
Pulse Abnormalities - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unequal/DeIayed:
 • Obstructive arterial disease (ie. Atherosclerosis)
 • Aortic dissection
 •
Pulse Abnormalities ... tamponade • AECOPD ... hypoglycemia) #Pulse #Abnormalities ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
biochemical & genetic abnormalities ... various imaging patterns ... (this case was
Hair Loss (Alopecia) - General (Diffuse and Focal) Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

DIFFUSE
Scarring - Irreversible-biopsy required
 • Lupus
planopilaris Pattern ... Congenital hair shaft abnormalities ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of ST Segment Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Framework

STEMI:
 • Upsloping convex STE: "Pardee's sign" +
Causes of ST Segment ... Early-repolarization pattern ... Repolarization Abnormalities ... leads • S1Q3T3 pattern ... voltage Other Causes