20 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
Patterns of pulmonary ... comparison, a normal ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... #Normal #pulmonary
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Loops - Common Patterns ... Normal B. ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... #Patterns #pulmonary
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
spirometry - FEV1 ... bronchodilator, Spirometry ... often normal or ... near normal between ... spirometry - FEV1
First-line therapies for Asthma, Asthma-COPD Overlap and COPD

The diagnosis of COPD, asthma, and ACO initially requires
Asthma, Asthma-COPD ... Overlap and COPD ... of the type and pattern ... symptoms, and spirometry ... Diagnosis #Management #ACOPD
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
of Breathing Normal ... may show this pattern ... Occasional sighs are normal ... bronchitis, and COPD ... #Breathing #Patterns
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
bilateral B-lines - Normal ... unilateral B-lines - Normal ... lung sliding COPD ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #signs #Lung #POCUS
Figure 3 HRCT-LUS correlation in normal lung, pulmonary congestion, rheumatoid lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Notes: (A)
correlation in normal ... Notes: (A) Normal ... artifacts from normal ... artifact); (G) UIP pattern ... Diagnosis #HRCT #POCUS
TISSUE APPEARANCES ON 
MUSCULOSKELETAL ULTRASOUND 

Bone:
 
Bone is represented as a very bright structure and appears
echotexture of normal ... Tendon: Normal ... the fibrillar pattern ... MUSCULOSKELETAL #MSK #POCUS
Venous Excess Ultrasound (VExUS) - Fluid Overload and Venous Congestion Assessment
Step 1: IVC Diameter: If >2cm,
Doppler Step 3: Portal ... and any combo of Normal ... or Mildly Abnl Patterns ... Severely Abnl Pattern ... VExUS #diagnosis #pocus
VExUS - Venous Excess Ultrasound Score 
Grade 0 - IVC grade < 3, HD grade 0,
IVC grade 4, but normal ... HV/PV/RV patterns ... with mild flow pattern ... with severe flow pattern ... Congestion #Diagnosis #POCUS
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