14 results
Forced vital capacity (FVC) curves comparing normal, obstructive, and restrictive disorders. Curves are as they appear
Forced vital capacity ... (FVC) curves comparing ... normal, obstructive ... #FVC #Forced #Vital ... #Restrictive #Normal
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... comparison, a normal ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... Patterns #Comparison #Normal
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Normal B. ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Exam: Usually normal ... Findings: Variably abnormal ... often normal or ... near normal between ... : Persistently abnormal
Asthma
Chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway and variable expiratory air flow obstruction
There are 2
lower • FEV1 / FVC ... lower limit of normal ... Reversibility on spirometry ... Increase of FEV1 or FVC ... greater in FEV or FVC
Lung Volumes and Capacities

The amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during
expiration of a normal ... (FRC) represents ... expiration of a normal ... The vital capacity ... (VC) is the maximum
Consensus diagnostic criteria for asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) in patients with airflow limitation. COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary
volume in 1 s; FVC ... =forced vital capacity ... lower limit of normal
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... A-a Gradient Normal ... • ↓Diffusion Capacity ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses: • Normal ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... alkalosis - Normal ... mineralocorticoid-like effect) • Normal ... salicylate poisoning • Normal