13 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
Patterns of pulmonary ... comparison, a normal ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... #Normal #pulmonary
Forced vital capacity (FVC) curves comparing normal, obstructive, and restrictive disorders. Curves are as they appear
Forced vital capacity ... curves comparing normal ... #Diagnosis #Pulmonary ... #Spirometry #FVC ... #Restrictive #Normal
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Loops - Common Patterns ... Normal B. ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... #Patterns #pulmonary
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Diagnosis Algorithm ... A-a Gradient Normal ... • ↓Diffusion Capacity ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #pulmonary #Aa
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia ... - Overview Hypoxia ... Insufficient O2 carrying capacity ... blood loss) or abnormal ... #pulmonary #differential
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Exam: Usually normal ... spirometry - FEV1 ... Hyperresonance, Hypoxemia ... spirometry - FEV1 ... comparison #Diagnosis #pulmonary
Erythrocytosis - Polycythemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Elevated Hemoglobin:
 • Males: Hb > 16.5 g/dL/HCT ≥ 49%
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Acquired Causes: • Hypoxia-driven ... : Cardiac/pulmonary ... ), TEMPI (VEGF normal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Pulmonary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
 • Idiopathic
 • Associated with:
Causes of Pulmonary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pulmonary Arterial ... Disease - Portal ... Disease and/or Hypoxemia
Intrapartum Abnormal Fetal HR Tracing - Causes of Variability & Decelerations - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Minimal/Absent Variability
Intrapartum Abnormal ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... bpm): • Mild hypoxia ... Sinusoidal Pattern ... 70) • Tissue hypoxia
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
of Breathing Normal ... consider infarction, hypoxia ... may show this pattern ... #Breathing #Patterns ... #Pulmonary #Abnormalities