13 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
For comparison, ... a normal loop is ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops ... #Normal #pulmonary
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Exam: Usually normal ... spirometry - FEV1 ... bronchodilator, Spirometry ... spirometry - FEV1 ... #Asthma #COPD #comparison
Asthma
Chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway and variable expiratory air flow obstruction
There are 2
obstruction: • FEV1 ... 0.70 or lower • FEV1 ... lower limit of normal ... Reversibility on spirometry ... or greater in FEV
Forced vital capacity (FVC) curves comparing normal, obstructive, and restrictive disorders. Curves are as they appear
curves comparing normal ... commonly available spirometers ... Diagnosis #Pulmonary #Spirometry ... #Restrictive #Normal ... #Comparison
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Normal B. ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns
 • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Pulmonary Function ... and persevered FEV1 ... flow with reduced FEV1 ... nickmmark #FlowVolume
Types of Urinary Diversion Procedures
Ileal Conduit:
 • Technically simpler, fewer complications, and well understood. No bladder
to near-normal ... Neobladder: • Normal ... to near-normal ... operative sexual function ... Procedures #Types #Comparison
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Ringers (LR) vs Normal ... Saline (NS) - Comparison ... pancreatitis Normal ... coagulopathy - functional ... #Saline #NS #comparison
The 4 Variants of Sinus Arrhythmia
Phasic Sinus Arrhythmia:
 • The rate increases with respiration and decreases
PR interval are normal ... physiological function ... variants #clinical #comparison
CHA2DS2VASc vs HAS-BLED scores for stroke risk and bleed risk on anticoagulation

C	Congestive Heart Failure	1

H	Hypertension	1

A2	Age >75	2

D	Diabetes Mellitus	1

S2	Stroke,
hypertension 1 A Abnormal ... renal/liver function ... CHADS2VASc #HASBLED #Comparison