18 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
dysfunction revealed by flow-volume ... comparison, a normal ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... #Comparison #Normal
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Normal B. ... Neuromuscular Weakness #Diagnosis ... #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Findings: Variably abnormal ... spirometry - FEV1 ... often normal or ... : Persistently abnormal ... spirometry - FEV1
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns
 • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Pulmonary Function ... Loop Patterns ... with reduced FEV1 ... nickmmark #FlowVolume ... PFTs #patterns #diagnosis
Asthma
Chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway and variable expiratory air flow obstruction
There are 2
expiratory air flow ... obstruction: • FEV1 ... lower limit of normal ... Reversibility on spirometry ... PulmPEEPs #Asthma #diagnosis
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Normal ... Target Cells, Normal ... WBCs - Normal ... Deficiency - Abnormal
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
Approach to Thyroid Function ... TSH, Low normal ... • Low TSH, normal ... Scan • High or normal ... Hyperthyroidism #algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... Losses: • Normal ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... #Algorithm #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Remote use of loop ... alkalosis - Normal ... /low blood pressure ... mineralocorticoid-like effect) • Normal ... salicylate poisoning • Normal
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Algorithm - Evaluation ... this indicates normal ... adrenal function ... primary AI - Low ... #Algorithm #ACTH