17 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... comparison, a normal loop ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... #causes #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... of sodium and potassium ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... Remote Diuretics - Loop ... Recent Diuretics - Loop ... Bicarbonate #Elevated #metabolic ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl- responsive metabolic ... Remote use of loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... #differential #potassium
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Aluminum, Calcium, Potassium ... Equina Injury Metabolic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... • Thiazide or loop ... • Thiazide or loop ... reabsorption in loop ... other • Severe potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic