8 results
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
comparison, a normal ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume ... Patterns #Comparison #Normal
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns
A. Normal
B. Emphysema
C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction
D. Fixed Upper Airway
Normal B. ... #Diagnosis #PFTs ... #Spirometry #FlowVolume
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis
Asthma:
 • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
exacerbations • PFT ... Findings: Variably abnormal ... spirometry - FEV1 ... bronchodilator, Spirometry ... spirometry - FEV1
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) - Interpretation Algorithm
 • Normal
 • Pulmonary Hypertension, Anemia, Carboxyhemoglobinemia
 • Chest
Pulmonary Function ... Tests (PFTs) - ... Algorithm • Normal ... Emphysematous COPD ... FunctionTests #PFTs
Hypophosphatemia and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology

↓ Phosphate leads to ↓ red cell 2,3-DPG and a  reduction
and Hypoxia - Pathophysiology ... impacts respiratory function ... expiratory pressures in pts ... phosphorus is seen in COPD ... patients with COPD
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Person Syndrome Pathophysiology ... brain and spinal cord ... positive in 2/3 of pts ... Oligoclonal bands • Normal
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Complications Abnormal ... Deformed bones puts ... abnormal pressure ... or the spinal cord ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology
Anorexia Nervosa: Complications
CARDIAC ABNORMALITIES
 - Functional: Low BP, Sinus bradycardia, prolonged QT interval
 - Structural: Reduced
ABNORMALITIES - Functional ... suppression - Low-Normal ... Hypothermia and Cold ... Complications #pathophysiology