6 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Generalized distal nephron ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... , nasogastric suction ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Redistribution: Acidosis ... only if no clear cause ... (10g PO tid) - caution ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... - Transfusion reaction ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... extracellular anion ... metabolic acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... - Transfusion reaction ... - Metabolic acidosis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology