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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• Pleuritic chest ... Lymphadenopathy, Chest ... breath, Fatigue, Chest ... : • Chest pain ... , pleural effusion
The PA-film shows a silhouette sign of the left heart border.
Even without looking at the lateral
anteriorly in the left lung ... consolidation due to a pneumonia ... Sterptococcus pneumoniae ... Radiology #CXR #Pneumonia ... SilhouetteSign #RadiologyAssistant
Radiographic Features of Pulmonary Diseases
 - Pneumonia
 - Atelectasis
 - Emphysema
 - Pneumothorax
 - Effusion
 -
Pulmonary Diseases - Pneumonia ... Pneumothorax - Effusion ... Radiology #Patterns #Lung ... #CXR #XRay #ChestCT
Lobar pneumonia
On the chest x-ray there is an ill-defined area of increased density in the right
Lobar pneumonia ... On the chest x-ray ... weight loss or long ... an acute lobar pneumonia ... #RadiologyAssistant
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
of interstitial lung ... Rare: pleural effusions ... peripheries and lower lung ... Diagnosis: • Lung ... TBNA or Surgical lung
Etiologies of pulmonary infections according to CT-scan patterns. 
CMV cytomegalovirus, GM galactomannan, HSV herpes simplex virus,
- Viral pneumonia ... Aspergillosis PLEURAL EFFUSION ... - Bacterial pneumonia ... Patterns #Pulmonary #Lung ... Differential #Diagnosis #Chest
Central distribution is seen in sarcoidosis and cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Peripheral distribution is mainly seen in cryptogenic
cryptogenic organizing pneumonia ... chronic eosinophilic pneumonia ... Pulmonary #HRCT #ChestCT ... Central #Peripheral #RadiologyAssistant
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Algorithm Ventilation/perfusion ... Parenchymal Disease Diffusion ... • Interstitial lung ... Malformation • Severe Pneumonia ... Abnormalities • Chest
Radiographic appearances of pulmonary diseases in HIV/AIDS Patients
 • Diffuse Interstitial Infiltrates: Pneumocystis jirovecii, M.tuberculosis, Histoplasma
., NHL; Lung cancer ... disease • Pleural effusion ... Parapneumonic effusion ... (NHL, primary effusion ... differential #diagnosis #chestCT
Main Lung Ultrasound differences between COVID-19 involvement and other conditions that may yield respiratory symptoms
 •
Main Lung Ultrasound ... superimposed bacterial pneumonia ... Large pleural effusion ... localized pleural effusion ... COVID19 #POCUS #Lung