12 results
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of macrocytic anemia ... elevated, but anemia ... but undiagnosed, folate ... megaloblastic anemia ... #VitaminB12 #Folate
Diagnosing Vitamin B12 and/or Folate Deficiency

It turns out that simply measuring serum levels of B12 or
Vitamin B12 and/or Folate ... levels of B12 or folate ... Since folate is ... #VitaminB12 #Folate ... Deficiency #Diagnosis #Nutrition
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... Myelodysplasia Nutritional ... deficiency: • B12/folate
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
E - Haemolytic anaemia ... paraesthesiae • Folate ... - Anaemia, neural ... Vitamin B12 - Anaemia ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
cardiomyopathy) • Folate ... - Macrocytic anemia ... B12 - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia ... Bypass #vitamin #nutrition
Etiologies of Folate Deficiency
 • Decreased dietary intake - uncommon in this era
 • Increased requirements
Etiologies of Folate ... have hemolytic anemia ... underlying mild folate ... In addition, folate ... diagnosis #hematology #nutrition
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... Vitamin B12 • Folate
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
• Metabolic / Nutritional ... DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
persons with poor nutrition ... breath, wasting, anemia ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... lead to iron and folate ... Pathophysiology #Nutrition