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Pathophysiology, Signs and Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia

#Pathophysiology #Hemolytic #Anemia #hematology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Pathophysiology, ... Signs and Symptoms ... of Hemolytic Anemia ... #Pathophysiology ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Vitamin E - Haemolytic ... anaemia, ataxia ... paraesthesiae • Folate ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #nutrition
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Index < 2: • Anemia ... , Vitamin B12, Folate ... Retroperitoneal, Uterine • Hemolysis ... Microangiopathic hemolytic ... differential #diagnosis #calculation
Algorithm for the evaluation of macrocytic anemia. (RBC = red blood cell; MMA = methylmalonic acid.)
Physicians
of macrocytic anemia ... Hemorrhage or hemolysis ... elevated, but anemia ... but undiagnosed, folate ... #VitaminB12 #Folate
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... Nutritional ... Vitamin B12 • Folate
Etiologies of Folate Deficiency
 • Decreased dietary intake - uncommon in this era
 • Increased requirements
Etiologies of Folate ... pregnant have hemolytic ... anemia, or psoriasis ... In addition, folate ... diagnosis #hematology #nutrition
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
breath, wasting, anemia ... musculoskeletal symptoms ... Psychiatric symptoms ... Loss of teeth Anemia ... contribute to nonimmune hemolysis
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
- Little or no nutritional ... -DPG -> - hemolysis ... - anemia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
initiation of nutrition ... overload) Other Symptoms ... • Seizures • Hemolysis ... Refeeding #Syndrome #Nutrition ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology