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diagnosis differential signs symptoms clinical neurology pathophysiology radiology orthopedics vasculitis classification dislocation elbow extremity knee leg management pain pulmonary spinalcord
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... , often from vascular ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #msk
Supracondylar Elbow Fracture • Most common elbow fracture in children, peak age 5-7 • When looking at
anterior sail sign ... onto outstretched hand ... brachial artery injury ... ), compartment syndrome ... #Orthopedics #MSK
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain: • Fracture • Arthritis • Gout/pseudogout
Leg Pain: • Fracture ... Repetitive strain injury ... Trauma • Crush injury ... lower #extremity #msk ... #physicalexam
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
DISLOCATION: ~25% cases ... Fractures-> Femur ... Compartment syndrome ... consider compartment syndrome ... #msk #clinical
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 Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework Knee Effusion Red Flags: 1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss - DDX: -
Causes of Knee Effusions ... bearing after injury ... Intra-articulation fracture ... differential #diagnosis #msk ... #physicalexam
Radial Head Elbow Fracture with displaced Fat Pads Intra-Articular Fracture of the Elbow with displaced fat pads
intra-articular injury ... So even in a case ... more specific and ... called the “Sail sign ... clinical #radiology #msk
Stridor - Differential Diagnosis Framework: High-pitched, variable respiratory sound ETIOLOGIES: Infectious: • Retropharyngeal abscess • Acute epiglottitis • Peritonsillar
Mechanical: • Larynx fracture ... inhalation • Tracheal injury ... Tracheomalacia • Vascular ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... pulmonary #airway #physicalexam
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes Reflexes: • Knee - L2, L3, L4 • Ankle - S1
• Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... such as fibular fracture ... stopping walking (vascular ... sensory #motor #leg #physicalexam
Trendelenburg Gait: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Skeletal Pathology of the Hip • Arthritis • Congenital hip dysplasia
Greater Trochanter Fracture ... • Compensatory muscular ... pathophysiology #causes ... #symptoms #signs ... #diagnosis #msk
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
signs of end-organ ... or acute kidney injury ... renal bruit or signs ... Causes: • Vascular ... White-coat syndrome
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