43 results
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Kidney Injury - Classification ... Intrarenal: • Intrinsic ... tubular necrosis (causes ... Kidney #Injury #Classification ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... podocyte damage from ... Nephrotic #Syndromes #Classification ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
Differentiating NBTE from ... Blood cultures/serology ... heart valves • MRI ... in up to 30% of cases ... often seen • MRI
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
not consistent from ... general seizure caused ... and metabolic causes ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Pathophysiology: ... Diagnosis (Clinical ... mg/dL or ≥50% from ... Classification: ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Mixed Urinary Incontinence: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Urgency Urinary Incontinence (UUI) -> Urinary leakage preceded by a
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... hypermobility, intrinsic ... SUI or UUI not caused ... Signs #Symptoms #Urology ... #Diagnosis
McDonald Criteria for Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
 • 2 or more attacks, 2 or more lesions
McDonald Criteria for Diagnosis ... Dissemination in space on MR ... attack progression from ... McDonald #Criteria #Diagnosis ... Sclerosis #MS #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... the underlying cause ... with AEDs until cause ... #management #neurology
Alexia Without Agraphia
Alexia without agraphia is a disconnection syndrome where patients cannot read but can write.
the most common cause ... Pathophysiology: ... angular gyrus Clinical ... #neurology #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
The name comes from ... Caused commonly ... Pathophysiology: ... #PhysicalExam #clinical ... #neurology #posture
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