564 results
Food carbohydrates
Starch
Polysaccharides
Salivary amylase
G)
Pancreatic amylase
Lactose
Maltose
Lumen
Lactase
Maltase O
Sucrase
Saccharose Disaccharides
Nat
cotransport
carrier
Villus
epithelial cell
Galactose
Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Na*- and energy-
dependent
absorption
Glucose
Facilitated
diffusion
#Fructose Monosaccharides
Energy
dependent
Blood capillary
Na+
Pancreatic amylase Lactose ... Maltose Lumen Lactase ... Glucose Glucose Fructose ... Facilitated diffusion #Fructose
Lactic Acidosis - Classification and Differential Diagnosis
Type A Lactic Acidosis: Inadequate Oxygen Delivery
 • Anaerobic muscular
, Epinephrine, Fructose ... , Isoniazid, Lactate-based ... #TypeA #TypeB #lactate
Crystalloid Composition - Normal Saline, Ringer's Lactate, Hartmann's Solution, PlasmaLyte

Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- 
Acetate 
Lactate 
Gluconate 
Bicarbonate
Saline, Ringer's Lactate ... Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- Acetate ... Lactate Gluconate ... #LR #Ringers #Lactated
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... Calcium Chelators, Lactate ... #Hypocalcemia #Workup
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Lactated Ringers ... mEq/L • Sodium lactate ... pH of 4-7.5 Lactated ... mEq • Sodium Lactate ... mole/L of sodium lactate
Intraoperative Sepsis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Severe sepsis (hypotension persisting after initial fluid challenge of
30ml.kg-1 or blood lactate ... including blood gas, lactate ... Check serial lactates ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... categories Lactate ... The use of lactate ... With ↑ Lactate ... Causes of Lactate
GOLDMARK - Mnemonic for Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
G - Glycols
O - Oxoproline
L - L-Lactate
D - D-Lactate
M
Oxoproline L - L-Lactate ... D - D-Lactate
Chronic Diarrhea - Workup
Osmotic:
 • Consider food diary and trial avoiding certain foods or meds, Consider
Chronic Diarrhea - Workup ... > 125mOsm/kg, Lactose ... breath test if lactose ... Chronic #Diarrhea #Workup
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
Beta-Agonists, ↑ work ... with negative lactate ... requires separate D-lactate ... sugars into D-Lactate ... #criticalcare #lactate