7 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Diagnosis and Evaluation ... of Hyponatremia ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... history (cardiac, liver ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Assess volume status ... HYPOVOLEMIC • ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hypervolemic ... Heart failure, liver ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... • Neoplastic Abscess ... • Neoplastic Abscess ... - Excesses • Liver ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic ... Evaluation Algorithm ... Gravity Step 3: Assess ... considered likely, the cause ... #Algorithm
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Heart Failure, Liver ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #causes