12 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... administration Step 3. ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uglucose Step #3 ... #Management #Algorithm ... #Sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Heart failure, liver ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Osmolarity 3) ... Rachel Stern MD #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology #sodium
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Evaluation of Hyponatremia ... confusion, seizures) 3) ... history (cardiac, liver ... EM #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Differential #Algorithm
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #neurology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Then, ask 3 questions ... 3) Is it appropriate ... demyelination syndrome. 3% ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnostic Algorithm
1) Check serum osmolality
2) Check urine osmolality
3) ADH Dependent - Check volume status, urine
Hyponatremia Diagnostic ... Algorithm 1) Check ... urine osmolality 3) ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Algorithm Isotonic ... Heart Failure, Liver ... #Differential #Algorithm ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... amyloidosis) • Liver ... metastases) #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology #oncology