12 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... and Workup Step ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
symptoms (HA, nausea ... history (cardiac, liver ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Hyponatremia # ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Algorithm UOsm ... Helbert Rondon, MD @NephroMD ... #hyponatremia ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Altered Level of Consciousness GCS < 7 - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Brain Involvement - Hemispheric
Causes of Altered ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Excesses • Liver ... deficiency • Hyponatremia ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Heart failure, liver ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Step 1: Consider whether Posm may actually be normal or elevated
Step 2:
Hyponatremia - Diagnostic ... Evaluation Algorithm ... considered likely, the cause ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Evaluation #Algorithm
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #Causes #neurology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
is usually caused ... vast majority of cases ... 3 questions to work ... the underlying cause ... include vaptans (HF/liver
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
heat illness → Hypernatremia ... damage without neuro ... Muscles, Kidneys, Liver ... tissue damage (AKI, Liver ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Polycythemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polycythemia itself isn’t a diagnosis. Like many things, it is a condition
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... an underlying cause ... about secondary causes ... you’ll do a good workup ... #workup #hematology