15 results
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Utilizing Uric Acid ADH ... Osmolarity 3) Urine Sodium ... Acid → renal salt wasting ... #nephrology #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Inappropriate ADH ... Cerebral salt wasting ... insufficiency ADH ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cerebral salt wasting ... • ADH OFF (UOsm ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Stress, Nausea, ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... Insipidus (Decr ADH ... Insipidus (Incr ADH ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Cardiac Stress Testing
Exercise:
 • Everyone who can exercise should!
 • They must be able to raise
Cardiac Stress Testing ... • They must be able ... production to cause ... Diagnostics: EKG ($), ECHO ... Cardiac #Stress #Testing
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... and Screening Testing ... Common causes: ... Oral sodium loading ... Screening #Workup #table
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... , ADH (appropriately ... the underlying cause ... up to 3x in the setting ... management #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Myocarditis 
1. Infectious Myocarditis
 • Bacterial - Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumococcus, Meningococcus, Gonococcus, Salmonella, Corynebacterium
Causes of Myocarditis ... viruses A and B, echo ... more commonly cause ... Miscellaneous - Scorpion sting ... phosphorus, arsenic, sodium