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diagnosis causes hyperkalemia management potassium high algorithm classification criticalcare crrt crystalloids diabetes elevation foamed gitelman hematuria lactate lactic low managment
Metformin: Biguanide Metformin is the first-line medication for treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is very effective
medication for treatment ... effective in lowering blood ... side effects is GI ... attention to patients renal ... #Pharmacology #
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... Eating disorders GI ... tubular acidosis ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... losses: • High Blood ... - Metabolic acidosis ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Crush injury • Blood ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework PseudoHyperkalemia: • Lab error • Traumatic venipuncture • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... Crush injury • Blood ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #differential # ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Pseudohematuria: • GI ... bleed • Menstruation ... causes #urology #nephrology ... blood
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... UA positive for blood ... Treatment of underlying ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Normal or low blood ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... tubular acidosis ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
- Differential ... removal from the blood ... before beginning treatment ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... and Toxins: - Metformin
Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Transfusion of aged blood ... (in vivo) - GI ... tubular acidosis ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
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