Causes of Hyperkalemia Pseudohyperkalemia - Tourniquet use - Hemolysis (in vitro) - Leukocytosis - Thrombocytosis Intra- to extracellular potassium shift - Acidosis* - Heavy exercise - ß-Blockade - Insulin deficiency - Digitalis intoxication - Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis Potassium load - Potassium supplements - Potassium-rich foods - IV potassium - Potassium-containing drugs - Transfusion of aged blood - Hemolysis (in vivo) - GI bleeding - Cell destruction after chemotherapy - Rhabdomyolysis/crush injury* - Extensive tissue necrosis Decreased potassium excretion - Renal failure* - Drugs—potassium-sparing ß-blockade, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, cyclosporine, tacrolimus - Aldosterone deficiency* - Selective defect in renal potassium excretion (pseudohypoaldosteronism, systemic lupus erythematosus, sickle cell disease, obstructive uropathy, renal transplantation, type IV renal tubular acidosis) #Hyperkalemia #Causes #diagnosis #differential
