193 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Mnemonics
Why should we switch from MUDPILES to GOLDMARK?
 •
Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA ... from MUDPILES to GOLDMARK ... recognized as causes of AGMA ... Metabolic #Acidosis #HAGMA ... #Mnemonic #GOLDMARK
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA ... Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK ... ketoacidosis Renal ... Metabolic #Acidosis #HAGMA ... Differential #Diagnosis #GOLDMARK
GOLDMARK - Mnemonic for Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
G - Glycols
O - Oxoproline
L - L-Lactate
D - D-Lactate
M
GOLDMARK - Mnemonic ... - Aspirin R - Renal ... Ketoacidosis #GOLDMARK
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA ... RTA (nb ↑K) - Renal ... Urine #AnionGap #NAGMA
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA ... and Workup NAGMA ... in the urine - Renal ... Renal Loss of HCO3 ... Acidosis #Metabolic #NAGMA
More recently a new mnemonic has been suggested to update new our understanding of anion-gap generating
– Aspirin -R – Renal ... Ketoacidosis #Diagnosis #GOLDMARK
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... Damage of the adrenal ... aldosterone Causes of Adrenal ... Tuberculosis: can cause adrenal ... potassium • ↑ H+ (NAGMA
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ... OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY ... and secondary adrenal ... insipidus #Adrenal ... Signs #Symptoms #Adrenal
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical features: 
 - Weight loss, anorexia, Weakness, fatigue, GI distress
 - Hypotension,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical ... seen in PRIMARY adrenal ... suggestive of adrenal ... fludrocortisone #Adrenal
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Diagnosis Algorithm Clinical ... Cortisol Response - Adrenal ... ACTH - Primary adrenal ... ACTH - Secondary adrenal